# Survey on Beamforming Techniques and Integrated Circuits for 5G Systems  ## About - Author: Ivan A. Rumyancev; Alexander S. Korotkov - Title: Survey on Beamforming Techniques and Integrated Circuits for 5G Systems - Tags: #articles - URL: https://readwise.io/reader/document_raw_content/41514417 ## Document Note Based on the information provided, vector-sum phase shifters based on active circuits have been found to have the most success. These phase shifters have a positive transmission coefficient and can be post-calibrated to reduce the effect of uncontrolled scatter in technological parameters. They also have the ability to change the amplitude of the output signal as well as the phase shift. Furthermore, a 6 bit vector-sum phase shifter in 2.8-3.2 GHz band has been presented with more than 2 dB gain and low RMS phase error due to applied calibration. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best way to implement a vector sum phase shifter is to use active circuits and post-calibration. ## Highlights While silicon technologies stay cheap and can be used in user equipment as well as in base stations, mixed solution of silicon transceiver with of GaN front-end for high power applications may show comparable result with less number of elements. ---