2022-08-29 13:34
Status:
Tags: [Phase shifter](Phase%20shifter.md)
# Vector Modulators
Two signals - 90 degree phase difference, change amplitude of each arm and get a unique phase from 0 to 90 degrees
$\angle V_\gamma=arctan\frac{V_{90\degree}}{V_{0\degree}}$
$\lvert V_\gamma\rvert =\sqrt{{\lvert V_{0\degree}\rvert}^2+{\lvert V_{90\degree}\rvert}^2}$
Achieve any gain by weighting the path gains.
## Constant Gain
Need to set branch gains properly, e.g. using a [look-up table](look-up%20table.md).
## Gain Control
High [gain control range](gain%20control%20range.md) (excess of 20dB) to reach phase range borders (x and y axes).
[Cascode amplifiers](Cascode%20amplifiers.md) good choice for:
- High max gain
- High possible attenuation
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2022-09-02 17:39
## Variations versus Gain
Variations of [minimum insertion phase](minimum%20insertion%20phase.md) and [port impedance variations](port%20impedance%20variations.md) have to be guaranteed else [phase errors](phase%20errors.md) and [gain errors](gain%20errors.md) occur.
Optimise [Variable Gain Amplifier (VGA)](VGA.md)).
## Best use cases
Since they can be used for both phase and gain control, these work well for common technologies.
## Achieving $360\degree$ phase control
Using [path switching](path%20switching.md) and optimised [quadrature allpass filter (QAF)](QAF.md))).md)s in a differential configuration.
 [^1]
[^2]
2022-09-05 09:09
## Passive Vector Modulator
While mostly active circuits, these can be implemented in a passive circuit [^3]
[^4]
The [pi filter](pi%20filter.md) is used to achieve
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# References
[^1]: [Integrated Adjustable Vector Modulators](Integrated%20Adjustable%20Phase%20Shifters.md#Vector%20Modulators)
[^2]: [CMOS Vector Modulator](../../Spaces/Career/Companies/Millibeam/notes/Fully%20Integrated%20Active%20CMOS%20Vector%20Modulator%20for%20802.11a%20%20Compliant%20Diversity%20Transceivers.md#2%20System%20Architecture)
[^4]: [C Band Passive Phase Shifter](../../Spaces/Career/Companies/Millibeam/notes/A%20High%20Yield%20Ultra%20Small%20Passive%20Vector%20Modulator%20Based%20%20Phase%20Shifter%20for%20Smart%20Antenna%20Combining%20at%20C-Band.md)